The Linux ecosystem offers a variety of distributions tailored to different needs. Among these, CentOS has long been a popular choice for server environments due to its stability and robust performance. However, recent changes have led to the rise of new alternatives like Rocky Linux.

Both CentOS and Rocky Linux benefit significantly from the support and contributions of the open-source community.

Understanding the differences between these two can be crucial for system administrators, developers, and businesses. The decline of traditional CentOS and the emergence of CentOS Stream has led to a significant shift in the Linux community, prompting many to consider alternatives like Rocky Linux.

Origins of CentOS

CentOS, short for Community Enterprise Operating System, was created as a free, open-source alternative to Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). It quickly became popular due to its binary compatibility with RHEL, which meant users could enjoy the stability and performance of Red Hat’s renowned enterprise distribution without the associated costs.

Initially, CentOS was lauded for its reliability and security, making it a top choice for web servers, enterprise applications, and critical systems. In December 2020, however, the CentOS project announced a shift to CentOS Stream, a rolling-release distribution meant to act as an upstream branch for RHEL.

Introduction to Rocky Linux

Rocky Linux emerged as a direct response to the CentOS project’s shift to CentOS Stream. Founded by Gregory Kurtzer, one of the original creators of CentOS, Rocky Linux aims to fill the void left by the changes to CentOS. Gregory Kurtzer played a pivotal role in the creation of Rocky Linux, leveraging his extensive experience with CentOS to guide the new project. The project is community-driven, with a focus on providing a stable, production-ready environment that mirrors the earlier versions of CentOS.

Rocky Linux is designed to be an open-source enterprise operating system that remains true to the traditional values of CentOS, offering a stable and predictable platform for users who require long-term support.

Key Differences and Similarities

Development Models

Traditional CentOS followed a downstream model, where it was essentially a rebuild of RHEL with a delay for updates. CentOS Stream, however, works as an upstream testing ground for RHEL, functioning as a rolling-release distribution that incorporates new features and updates before they are included in the next RHEL release.

This shift has significant implications for its stability and reliability. On the other hand, Rocky Linux adheres to the traditional CentOS approach, focusing on stability and long-term support driven by the community.

Lifecycle and Release Schedule

CentOS Stream follows a rolling release model, where updates are continuously integrated, offering the latest features but also introducing potential instability. This model can be beneficial for those who need cutting-edge developments but may not be ideal for environments requiring maximum stability.

In contrast, Rocky Linux follows a traditional release cycle similar to what CentOS employed before the shift, providing long-term support and scheduled updates. Users can expect predictable, stable releases that cater to production environments.

Technical Features

System Performance Of Rocky Linux VS CentOS

Both CentOS Stream and Rocky Linux provide robust performance, making them suitable for high-demand server environments. Benchmarks show Rocky Linux’s performance stability. However, the rolling-release nature of CentOS Stream can lead to occasional performance dips due to newer, less stable packages.

Rocky Linux, with its RHEL-based stability, offers consistent performance levels suitable for long-term production use. Benchmarks and real-world scenarios often reveal Rocky Linux’s advantageous stability, making it particularly well-suited for systems where uptime and reliability are critical.

Package Management

Both distributions utilize RPM for package management, leveraging the dnf package manager. While the fundamental mechanisms are similar, the update frequency and stability of packages differ. CentOS Stream’s rolling updates mean users receive the latest versions faster but with less testing.

Rocky Linux, mirroring RHEL’s cautious approach, ensures that updates are thoroughly vetted for stability and compatibility. This makes Rocky Linux preferable for those needing a secure, stable environment with fewer update-related disruptions.

Security Features

Security is paramount in any server environment. Both CentOS Stream and Rocky Linux implement stringent security practices. CentOS Stream, while up-to-date, can sometimes lag in patching due to its of-the-moment nature. Rocky Linux, in contrast, provides timely and well-tested patches.

Default security configurations and tools, such as SELinux and firewall settings, are robust in both distributions. However, Rocky Linux’s commitment to long-term stability ensures that security patches do not compromise system integrity.

Compatibility

Compatibility varies slightly between the two distributions. CentOS Stream’s role as an upstream branch makes it more cutting-edge but occasionally less predictable in terms of hardware and software support.

Rocky Linux, aligned closely with RHEL’s tested and verified platform, offers consistent compatibility for a wide range of hardware, virtualization environments, and container ecosystems. Users with diverse and legacy hardware may find Rocky Linux a safer bet for ensuring smooth, trouble-free operation.

User Interface and Experience

For those managing systems via graphical interfaces, both distributions offer similar experiences. Rocky Linux and CentOS Stream default to traditional desktop environments like GNOME for those using GUIs. Command-line interfaces are virtually identical, preserving familiarity for users transitioning between the two.

Customization options are extensive in both distributions, allowing users to tailor their environments to specific needs. However, the stability and predictable updates of Rocky Linux contribute to a smoother, more hassle-free user experience.

Community and Support

Community Involvement

Both distributions heavily rely on community involvement. Rocky Linux, born out of community necessity, has a robust, engaged community that actively contributes to its community-driven development and maintenance.

This communal approach ensures a responsive, user-driven evolution of the system. CentOS Stream also has a strong community, but its closer ties with Red Hat mean that community contributions might sometimes take a backseat to corporate priorities. The strength of Rocky Linux’s community shown through its rapid uptake post-announcement serves as a testament to its grassroots support.

Commercial Support Options

Enterprises often require reliable support for their systems. CentOS Stream benefits from Red Hat’s backing, offering extensive documentation, official support channels, and professional services.

Rocky Linux, while newer, is building its ecosystem of support through a mix of community efforts and emerging commercial services. Several organizations already offer consultations and professional support for Rocky Linux, ensuring that enterprises can find the necessary expertise for critical operations.

Migration and Adoption

Migration Considerations

The shift from traditional CentOS can be daunting. Migrating to either CentOS Stream or Rocky Linux requires careful planning and execution. Key steps include assessing current dependencies, testing compatibility in staging environments, and phased rollouts.

Challenges such as ensuring uptime, data integrity, and minimal service disruption are central concerns. However, tools and community guides are available to facilitate smooth transitions. Rocky Linux’s alignment with traditional CentOS makes it a more seamless migration path for those seeking continuity.

Adoption Scenarios

Many organizations have successfully adopted Rocky Linux as their go-to distribution. Case studies reveal smooth transitions from CentOS, with minimal hiccups and enhanced performance stability.

For instance, several hosting providers and enterprise environments have shifted to Rocky Linux, praising its reliability and community support. Similarly, educational institutions and public sector projects have found Rocky Linux an excellent alternative, reflecting widespread, diverse adoption scenarios.

Pros and Cons

Pros of CentOS Stream

• Continuous updates and innovations

• Strong backing by Red Hat

• Access to the latest features and developments

Cons of CentOS Stream

• Less stability compared to traditional CentOS

• Potential compatibility issues with newer packages

• Rolling updates can introduce unpredictability

Pros of Rocky Linux

• Stability and predictability similar to traditional CentOS

• Strong community support

• Long-term support and scheduled updates

Cons of Rocky Linux

• Newer project; potential maturity issues

• Reliance on community for updates and support

• Building commercial support ecosystem still underway

Use Cases and Recommendations

For Enterprises

Enterprises require robust, secure, and scalable operating systems for their critical operations. Both CentOS Stream and Rocky Linux can meet these needs, but the choice depends on specific requirements.

CentOS Stream may be more suitable for environments needing cutting-edge features and innovations directly from Red Hat. Rocky Linux, with its focus on stability and long-term support, is ideal for enterprises prioritizing reliability and predictability. Evaluating factors like deployment scale, existing infrastructure, and required support levels can guide this decision.

For Small Businesses and Individual Users

Small businesses and individual users often prioritize ease of use, stability, and cost-effectiveness. Rocky Linux’s community-driven, stable platform makes it an excellent choice for those seeking a traditional CentOS experience.

It offers a predictable environment with extensive community support, making it accessible for users with varying technical expertise. CentOS Stream, while offering continuous updates and innovations, may be best suited for those comfortable managing a rolling-release system and desiring access to the latest features.

Conclusion

The decision between Rocky Linux and CentOS Stream depends on various factors, including stability, support, and future-proofing needs. Both offer substantial benefits, but their differences can significantly impact their suitability for different environments.

Rocky Linux appeals to those needing a stable, long-term supported system, mirroring the traditional CentOS model. CentOS Stream, with its continuous updates and innovations, caters to users seeking cutting-edge features with Red Hat’s backing.

Evaluating specific requirements and understanding these key differences will help in making an informed choice.

FAQ’s

What is the difference between Red Hat Enterprise Linux and CentOS Linux?

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a commercial operating system that offers enterprise-level support and services, while CentOS Linux is a free Linux distribution aimed to provide a community-supported computing platform. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is built on the same source code as CentOS Linux; however, only Red Hat Enterprise Linux customers get official support from Red Hat.

How does Rocky Linux compare to Scientific Linux?

Rocky Linux and Scientific Linux both aim to replace CentOS and provide free versions of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system. The OS developed by the Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation while Scientific Linux was developed by Fermilab. The OS focuses on maintaining the stability and community-driven development model of CentOS Linux.

Can I use CentOS Stream for production workloads?

CentOS Stream is an upstream development platform for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, meaning it receives updates before they are included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux. While CentOS Stream is excellent for development and testing, it may not be as stable for production workloads compared to CentOS Linux or Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

What are the advantages of joining the Linux community?

Joining the Linux community gives you access to collective knowledge and support from a wide range of Linux users. The Linux community can help with troubleshooting, provide insights on best practices, and allow you to contribute to the improvement of various Linux distributions, whether you are using Rocky Linux, CentOS Linux, or other distributions.

How does Rocky Linux compare to Oracle Linux?

Oracle Linux and Rocky Linux are both designed to be stable OS options for enterprise environments. Oracle Linux is developed and supported by Oracle, offering enhancements such as the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel.

Rocky Linux, developed by the Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation, aims to capture the spirit and functionality of the discontinued CentOS Linux as an independent, free operating system. Comparing Rocky Linux to Oracle Linux, Rocky Linux focuses on being as close to CentOS and the current RHEL release as possible, while Oracle Linux provides additional proprietary features.

What are the key RHEL features available in Rocky Linux?

Rocky Linux includes many of the key RHEL features since it is built from the RHEL source code. This includes advanced security features, support for a wide array of hardware, and compatibility with the yum package manager for managing software. As a relatively new operating system, Rocky Linux aims to match the stability and reliability of RHEL, making it a suitable choice for production systems.

What is the process to create bootable media for Rocky Linux?

Creating bootable media for Rocky Linux involves downloading the ISO file from the official Rocky Linux website. Once you have the ISO file, you can use tools such as Rufus or Etcher to create the bootable media. This allows you to install Rocky Linux on a production system or use it in a test environment. The Rocky Linux boot screen will guide you through the installation process, making it straightforward to set up the operating system.

What alternatives exist for CentOS users?

With the decision to discontinue CentOS Linux as a stable release, CentOS users have several alternatives. One major option is Rocky Linux, which aims to be a community managed distribution and stay close to the functionality of CentOS. Another option is Alma Linux, which also seeks to replace CentOS for users requiring a stable and secure platform. Both Rocky Linux and Alma Linux offer features similar to the traditional CentOS.

How does Rocky Linux address security issues for mission critical servers?

Rocky Linux includes multi level security protection and security enhanced Linux to ensure that it addresses security issues effectively. These features make Rocky Linux a viable choice for mission critical servers that demand high security standards. The community driven project frequently updates to maintain security and stability, closely following RHEL releases.

Is Rocky Linux suitable for web hosting and desktop use?

Yes, Rocky Linux is suitable for both web hosting and desktop use. Its secure platform and compatibility with third party software make it versatile for various applications. Though newly established, the aim to be a stable distribution ensures it can handle web hosting services reliably. Additionally, it offers remote access capabilities, making it a convenient choice for desktop use as well.

What is the latest stable version of Rocky Linux?

The latest stable version of Rocky Linux is released by the Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation and aims to be a reliable alternative to CentOS. The name Rocky Linux was chosen to honor one of the original CentOS co-founders. The project follows Red Hat releases closely, ensuring compatibility and reliability, while staying a minor version ahead in addressing any issues.

Is Rocky Linux suitable for development systems?

Yes, Rocky Linux is a great choice for development systems. It is an rpm based Linux distribution that offers excellent app compatibility, making it easy to integrate with various tools and environments. The project’s active forums provide a community support system helpful for developers. Rocky Linux is a community managed distribution formed as an rhel fork to support CentOS users transitioning from the discontinued CentOS Linux.

What is the Community Enterprise Operating System?

The Community Enterprise Operating System (CentOS) is a free and open-source operating system designed for enterprise-class environments. It is derived from the source code of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and aims to provide a stable, predictable, and manageable platform for users. CentOS benefits users by offering enterprise-grade features, community support, and compatibility with a wide range of applications and hardware, all without the associated costs of commercial licenses.

What is the difference between Rocky Linux vs CentOS?

When comparing Rocky Linux vs CentOS, it is important to note that Rocky Linux is developed and maintained by the Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation. Both Rocky Linux vs CentOS are derived from the source code of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). However, CentOS transitioned to CentOS Stream, which follows a rolling release model. On the other hand, Rocky Linux distribution aims to remain a stable and community-supported point-release distribution, making it a more traditional replacement for the original CentOS. This makes Rocky Linux vs CentOS comparisons crucial for enterprises looking for stability and longevity.

What role does the Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation play in the development of Rocky Linux?

The Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation oversees the development and maintenance of Rocky Linux, ensuring it remains a community-driven, enterprise-ready distribution. The foundation monitors source code contributions and offers community support to users. By doing so, the Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation aims to create a stable and reliable alternative to Red Hat Enterprise Linux and CentOS Stream. The Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation’s commitment to stability ensures Rocky Linux can serve as a robust replacement for other enterprise Linux distributions.

How does community support enhance the experience of using Rocky Linux?

Community support is integral to the Rocky Linux experience. The Linux community around Rocky Linux is vibrant and growing, offering extensive community support for troubleshooting, feature development, and knowledge sharing. This strong community support ensures that users can find help and resources easily, making Rocky Linux a robust and reliable choice among operating systems. Additionally, community support helps keep Rocky Linux updated and secure, providing a more resilient alternative to other Linux distributions.